The Arkle asks novice chasers to do difficult things quickly. A horse can look a natural over fences when it has room and an easy lead, then look much less comfortable with a rival at its shoulder. That is why the replay often tells you more than a line of finishing positions. You are looking for speed that survives the jumping test.
Fast jumping has to be repeatable
The Arkle is the Festival’s short-distance Grade 1 novice chase on the Old Course. Focus on how a horse approaches and leaves its fences. Does it adjust sensibly when the stride is wrong? Can it stay balanced after a small mistake? Does it need a long run at every obstacle?
A flashy leap can catch the eye without saving ground. A quieter, efficient technique may be more useful when the field is travelling hard. Judge the whole round rather than one photograph-worthy fence.
Arkle Chase
Stats & trends.
Go beyond the winner. Study the price, the preparation and the next run. The detail is yours to explore.
Winners returned as favourite, joint or co-favourite
calculated from listed winner records
Above: shares calculated from the listed winners. These are historical characteristics, not a runner’s chance of winning.
Every winner. Every detail.
2015–2026 · Follow the same horses from their preparation to what happened next.
| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Age | Weight | Price | Runners | Fav. position | Rating | Season | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runs | Wins | ||||||||||
| 2026 | Kargese | Danny Mullins | Willie Mullins | 6 | 11-0 | 7/1 3F | 6 | 3rd | 149 | 3 | 1 |
| 2025 | Jango Baie | Nico de Boinville | Nicky Henderson | 6 | 11-7 | 5/1 3F | 5 | 3rd | 153 | 2 | 1 |
| 2024 | Gaelic Warrior | Paul Townend | Willie Mullins | 6 | 11-7 | 2/1 F | 10 | 1st | 157 | 3 | 2 |
| 2023 | El Fabiolo | Paul Townend | Willie Mullins | 6 | 11-7 | 11/10 F | 9 | 1st | 162 | 2 | 2 |
| 2022 | Edwardstone | Tom Cannon | Alan King | 8 | 11-4 | 5/2 F | 11 | 1st | 159 | 5 | 4 |
| 2021 | Shishkin | Nico de Boinville | Nicky Henderson | 7 | 11-4 | 4/9 F | 5 | 1st | 164 | 3 | 3 |
| 2020 | Put The Kettle On | Aidan Coleman | Henry De Bromhead | 6 | 10-11 | 16/1 | 11 | 6th | 144 | 6 | 4 |
| 2019 | Duc Des Genievres | Paul Townend | Willie Mullins | 6 | 11-4 | 5/1 3F | 12 | 7th | 151 | 3 | 1 |
| 2018 | Footpad | Ruby Walsh | Willie Mullins | 6 | 11-4 | 5/6 F | 5 | 1st | 162 | 3 | 3 |
| 2017 | Altior | Nico de Boinville | Nicky Henderson | 7 | 11-4 | 1/4 F | 9 | 1st | 170 | 4 | 4 |
| 2016 | Douvan | Ruby Walsh | Willie Mullins | 6 | 11-4 | 1/4 F | 7 | 1st | 161 | 3 | 3 |
| 2015 | Un De Sceaux | Ruby Walsh | Willie Mullins | 7 | 11-4 | 4/6 F | 11 | 1st | 166 | 3 | 2 |
2026KargeseAGE 6 · 11-07/1 3F
- Jockey
- Danny Mullins
- Trainer
- Willie Mullins
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 11-0
- Price
- 7/1 3F
- Runners
- 6
- Favourite position
- 3rd
- Rating
- 149
- Season R / W
- 3/1
2025Jango BaieAGE 6 · 11-75/1 3F
- Jockey
- Nico de Boinville
- Trainer
- Nicky Henderson
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 11-7
- Price
- 5/1 3F
- Runners
- 5
- Favourite position
- 3rd
- Rating
- 153
- Season R / W
- 2/1
2024Gaelic WarriorAGE 6 · 11-72/1 F
- Jockey
- Paul Townend
- Trainer
- Willie Mullins
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 11-7
- Price
- 2/1 F
- Runners
- 10
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 157
- Season R / W
- 3/2
2023El FabioloAGE 6 · 11-711/10 F
- Jockey
- Paul Townend
- Trainer
- Willie Mullins
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 11-7
- Price
- 11/10 F
- Runners
- 9
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 162
- Season R / W
- 2/2
2022EdwardstoneAGE 8 · 11-45/2 F
- Jockey
- Tom Cannon
- Trainer
- Alan King
- Age
- 8
- Weight
- 11-4
- Price
- 5/2 F
- Runners
- 11
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 159
- Season R / W
- 5/4
2021ShishkinAGE 7 · 11-44/9 F
- Jockey
- Nico de Boinville
- Trainer
- Nicky Henderson
- Age
- 7
- Weight
- 11-4
- Price
- 4/9 F
- Runners
- 5
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 164
- Season R / W
- 3/3
2020Put The Kettle OnAGE 6 · 10-1116/1
- Jockey
- Aidan Coleman
- Trainer
- Henry De Bromhead
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 10-11
- Price
- 16/1
- Runners
- 11
- Favourite position
- 6th
- Rating
- 144
- Season R / W
- 6/4
2019Duc Des GenievresAGE 6 · 11-45/1 3F
- Jockey
- Paul Townend
- Trainer
- Willie Mullins
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 11-4
- Price
- 5/1 3F
- Runners
- 12
- Favourite position
- 7th
- Rating
- 151
- Season R / W
- 3/1
2018FootpadAGE 6 · 11-45/6 F
- Jockey
- Ruby Walsh
- Trainer
- Willie Mullins
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 11-4
- Price
- 5/6 F
- Runners
- 5
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 162
- Season R / W
- 3/3
2017AltiorAGE 7 · 11-41/4 F
- Jockey
- Nico de Boinville
- Trainer
- Nicky Henderson
- Age
- 7
- Weight
- 11-4
- Price
- 1/4 F
- Runners
- 9
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 170
- Season R / W
- 4/4
2016DouvanAGE 6 · 11-41/4 F
- Jockey
- Ruby Walsh
- Trainer
- Willie Mullins
- Age
- 6
- Weight
- 11-4
- Price
- 1/4 F
- Runners
- 7
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 161
- Season R / W
- 3/3
2015Un De SceauxAGE 7 · 11-44/6 F
- Jockey
- Ruby Walsh
- Trainer
- Willie Mullins
- Age
- 7
- Weight
- 11-4
- Price
- 4/6 F
- Runners
- 11
- Favourite position
- 1st
- Rating
- 166
- Season R / W
- 3/2
| Year | Winner | Cheltenham | Distance Form (15-17f) | Hurdle | Chase | Previous race | Days since run | Previous result | Grade Wins | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runs | Wins | Runs | Wins | Runs | Wins | Runs | Wins | Grade 1 wins | Grade 2 wins | Grade 3 wins | |||||
| 2026 | Kargese | 2 | 1 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown) | 36 | 2 / 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2025 | Jango Baie | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | Scilly Isles Novices Chase (Sandown) | 38 | 2 / 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2024 | Gaelic Warrior | 2 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 2 | Ladbrokes Novice Chase (Leopardstown) | 37 | UR / 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 2023 | El Fabiolo | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown) | 38 | 1 / 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022 | Edwardstone | 3 | 0 | 17 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 4 | Kingmaker Novices Chase (Warwick) | 31 | 1 / 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 2021 | Shishkin | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | Lightning Novices Chase (Doncaster) | 45 | 1 / 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 2020 | Put The Kettle On | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 4 | Arkle Trial (Cheltenham) | 114 | 1 / 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 | Duc Des Genievres | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | Beginners Chase (Gowran Park) | 24 | 1 / 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018 | Footpad | 2 | 0 | 13 | 6 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 3 | Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown) | 38 | 1 / 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| 2017 | Altior | 2 | 2 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | Game Spirit Chase (Newbury) | 31 | 1 / 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 2016 | Douvan | 1 | 1 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown) | 51 | 1 / 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| 2015 | Un De Sceaux | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 2 | Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown) | 44 | 1 / 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
2026KargeseBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 2/1
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 14/6
- Hurdle R / W
- 11/5
- Chase R / W
- 3/1
- Previous race
- Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown)
- Days since run
- 36
- Previous result
- 2 / 3
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 2/0/2
2025Jango BaieBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 1/1
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 2/2
- Hurdle R / W
- 5/2
- Chase R / W
- 2/1
- Previous race
- Scilly Isles Novices Chase (Sandown)
- Days since run
- 38
- Previous result
- 2 / 4
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 1/0/0
2024Gaelic WarriorBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 2/0
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 7/7
- Hurdle R / W
- 9/4
- Chase R / W
- 3/2
- Previous race
- Ladbrokes Novice Chase (Leopardstown)
- Days since run
- 37
- Previous result
- UR / 2
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 2/0/0
2023El FabioloBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 0/0
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 5/4
- Hurdle R / W
- 4/2
- Chase R / W
- 2/2
- Previous race
- Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown)
- Days since run
- 38
- Previous result
- 1 / 8
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 1/0/0
2022EdwardstoneBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 3/0
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 17/7
- Hurdle R / W
- 9/3
- Chase R / W
- 6/4
- Previous race
- Kingmaker Novices Chase (Warwick)
- Days since run
- 31
- Previous result
- 1 / 4
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 1/2/0
2021ShishkinBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 1/1
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 6/5
- Hurdle R / W
- 4/3
- Chase R / W
- 3/3
- Previous race
- Lightning Novices Chase (Doncaster)
- Days since run
- 45
- Previous result
- 1 / 4
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 1/2/0
2020Put The Kettle OnBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 1/1
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 5/2
- Hurdle R / W
- 7/2
- Chase R / W
- 5/4
- Previous race
- Arkle Trial (Cheltenham)
- Days since run
- 114
- Previous result
- 1 / 4
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 0/1/0
2019Duc Des GenievresBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 1/0
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 2/0
- Hurdle R / W
- 6/1
- Chase R / W
- 3/1
- Previous race
- Beginners Chase (Gowran Park)
- Days since run
- 24
- Previous result
- 1 / 17
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 0/0/0
2018FootpadBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 2/0
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 13/6
- Hurdle R / W
- 15/5
- Chase R / W
- 3/3
- Previous race
- Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown)
- Days since run
- 38
- Previous result
- 1 / 5
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 4/0/1
2017AltiorBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 2/2
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 11/9
- Hurdle R / W
- 5/5
- Chase R / W
- 4/4
- Previous race
- Game Spirit Chase (Newbury)
- Days since run
- 31
- Previous result
- 1 / 4
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 2/3/0
2016DouvanBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 1/1
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 9/8
- Hurdle R / W
- 6/5
- Chase R / W
- 3/3
- Previous race
- Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown)
- Days since run
- 51
- Previous result
- 1 / 3
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 4/1/0
2015Un De SceauxBEFORE THE RACE
- Cheltenham R / W
- 0/0
- Distance Form (15-17f) R / W
- 7/7
- Hurdle R / W
- 7/7
- Chase R / W
- 3/2
- Previous race
- Irish Arkle Novice Chase (Leopardstown)
- Days since run
- 44
- Previous result
- 1 / 3
- Grade Wins 1 / 2 / 3
- 1/2/1
| Year | Winner | Next run | Date | Result | Rest-of-season runs | Rest-of-season results | Next Cheltenham Festival run | Festival result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Kargese | - | - | - | 0 | - | - | - |
| 2025 | Jango Baie | Manifesto Novices' Chase (Aintree) | Apr-25 | 3 / 9 | 1 | 0 win, 1 placed | Gold Cup | 2 / 10 |
| 2024 | Gaelic Warrior | Barberstown Castle Novice Chase (Punchestown) | May-24 | 2 / 4 | 1 | 0 win, 1 placed | - | - |
| 2023 | El Fabiolo | Barberstown Castle Novice Chase (Punchestown) | Apr-23 | 1 / 4 | 1 | 1 win, 0 placed | Champion Chase | PU / 6 |
| 2022 | Edwardstone | Maghull Novices' Chase (Aintree) | Apr-22 | 2 / 6 | 1 | 0 win, 1 placed | Champion Chase | 5 / 7 |
| 2021 | Shishkin | Maghull Novices' Chase (Aintree) | Apr-21 | 1 / 5 | 1 | 1 win, 0 placed | Champion Chase | PU / 7 |
| 2020 | Put The Kettle On | Cheltenham Chase (Cheltenham) | Nov-20 | 1 / 4 | 0 | - | Champion Chase | 1 / 9 |
| 2019 | Duc Des Genievres | Ryanair Novice Chase (Punchestown) | Apr-19 | 3 / 7 | 1 | 0 wins, 0 placed | Ryanair Chase | 5 / 8 |
| 2018 | Footpad | Ryanair Novice Chase (Punchestown) | Apr-18 | 1 / 6 | 1 | 1 win, 0 placed | Ryanair Chase | 8 / 12 |
| 2017 | Altior | Celebration Chase (Sandown) | Apr-17 | 1 / 5 | 1 | 1 win, 0 placed | Champion Chase | 1 / 9 |
| 2016 | Douvan | Maghull Novices' Chase (Aintree) | Apr-16 | 1 / 5 | 2 | 2 wins, 0 placed | Champion Chase | 7 / 10 |
| 2015 | Un De Sceaux | Ryanair Novice Chase (Punchestown) | Apr-15 | 1 / 5 | 1 | 1 win, 0 placed | Champion Chase | 2 / 10 |
2026KargeseTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- -
- Date
- -
- Result
- -
- Season runs after
- 0
- Season results after
- -
- Next Festival run
- -
- Festival result
- -
2025Jango BaieTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Manifesto Novices' Chase (Aintree)
- Date
- Apr-25
- Result
- 3 / 9
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 0 win, 1 placed
- Next Festival run
- Gold Cup
- Festival result
- 2 / 10
2024Gaelic WarriorTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Barberstown Castle Novice Chase (Punchestown)
- Date
- May-24
- Result
- 2 / 4
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 0 win, 1 placed
- Next Festival run
- -
- Festival result
- -
2023El FabioloTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Barberstown Castle Novice Chase (Punchestown)
- Date
- Apr-23
- Result
- 1 / 4
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 1 win, 0 placed
- Next Festival run
- Champion Chase
- Festival result
- PU / 6
2022EdwardstoneTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Maghull Novices' Chase (Aintree)
- Date
- Apr-22
- Result
- 2 / 6
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 0 win, 1 placed
- Next Festival run
- Champion Chase
- Festival result
- 5 / 7
2021ShishkinTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Maghull Novices' Chase (Aintree)
- Date
- Apr-21
- Result
- 1 / 5
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 1 win, 0 placed
- Next Festival run
- Champion Chase
- Festival result
- PU / 7
2020Put The Kettle OnTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Cheltenham Chase (Cheltenham)
- Date
- Nov-20
- Result
- 1 / 4
- Season runs after
- 0
- Season results after
- -
- Next Festival run
- Champion Chase
- Festival result
- 1 / 9
2019Duc Des GenievresTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Ryanair Novice Chase (Punchestown)
- Date
- Apr-19
- Result
- 3 / 7
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 0 wins, 0 placed
- Next Festival run
- Ryanair Chase
- Festival result
- 5 / 8
2018FootpadTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Ryanair Novice Chase (Punchestown)
- Date
- Apr-18
- Result
- 1 / 6
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 1 win, 0 placed
- Next Festival run
- Ryanair Chase
- Festival result
- 8 / 12
2017AltiorTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Celebration Chase (Sandown)
- Date
- Apr-17
- Result
- 1 / 5
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 1 win, 0 placed
- Next Festival run
- Champion Chase
- Festival result
- 1 / 9
2016DouvanTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Maghull Novices' Chase (Aintree)
- Date
- Apr-16
- Result
- 1 / 5
- Season runs after
- 2
- Season results after
- 2 wins, 0 placed
- Next Festival run
- Champion Chase
- Festival result
- 7 / 10
2015Un De SceauxTHE NEXT CHAPTER
- Next run
- Ryanair Novice Chase (Punchestown)
- Date
- Apr-15
- Result
- 1 / 5
- Season runs after
- 1
- Season results after
- 1 win, 0 placed
- Next Festival run
- Champion Chase
- Festival result
- 2 / 10
The winner profile.
Calculated from the detailed winner records above. Missing values are excluded from each calculation, so denominators can differ.
| Category | Profile angle | Winners | Share of winners | Study list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MarketTABLE CALCULATION | Started favourite / joint or co-favourite | 8/12 | ||
| MarketTABLE CALCULATION | Top three in the betting | 11/12 | ||
| Recent formTABLE CALCULATION | Won previous start | 9/12 | ||
| CourseTABLE CALCULATION | Had already won at Cheltenham | 6/12 | ||
| CourseTABLE CALCULATION | Had already run at Cheltenham | 10/12 | ||
| DistanceTABLE CALCULATION | Had won over the listed distance band | 11/12 | ||
| DistanceTABLE CALCULATION | Had run over the listed distance band | 12/12 | ||
| SeasonTABLE CALCULATION | Had at least one win that season | 12/12 | ||
| SeasonTABLE CALCULATION | Had at least three runs that season | 10/12 | ||
| Recent formTABLE CALCULATION | Ran within the previous 60 days | 11/12 | ||
| RatingTABLE CALCULATION | Rated 150 or higher | 10/12 | ||
| AgeTABLE CALCULATION | Aged 6 | 8/12 | ||
| AgeTABLE CALCULATION | Aged 7 | 3/12 | ||
| AgeTABLE CALCULATION | Aged 8 | 1/12 |
Follow-up summary
Reported follow-up figures remain distinct from the detailed winner tables.
Won on next start
Placed on next start
Raced again that season
Won again that season
Placed again that season
Next-start destinations
| Destination | Went | Won | Placed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barberstown Castle Novices Chase (Punchestown) | 5/12 | 3/5 | 1 |
| Maghull Novices Chase (Aintree) | 3/12 | 2/3 | 1 |
Festival returns
| Destination | Went | Won | Placed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Queen Mother Champion Chase | 7/12 | 2/7 | 1 |
| Ryanair Chase | 2/12 | 0/2 | 0 |
| Gold Cup | 1/12 | 0/1 | 1 |
Sample notes and interpretation
- R / W = runs / wins before the Festival race. A dash is a missing or unreported value, not zero. Price suffixes: F = favourite, JF = joint favourite, CF = co-favourite, 2F / 3F = second / third favourite.
- The favourite-position column records the listed result of the favourite(s). Price suffixes identify the winner’s position in the market. These fields are retained independently.
- All listed rows are retained, including blank years. Winner counts exclude rows with no named winner. Later missing results do not imply a loss.
- Summary ratios are retained as reported and may not reconcile with every detailed table cell. They are displayed separately from calculations made from the winner records. A high winner share is not a selection strike rate or evidence of profit.
- “Won” and “placed” are retained as separate reported outcomes. No combined place rate or profit is inferred.
What the preparation races really showed
Separate a horse’s chasing ability from its old hurdle reputation. High-class hurdle form is a reason to be interested, but the new discipline still has to work. Look for evidence against rivals capable of asking awkward questions.
Be careful with very small fields. A tactical race can demonstrate acceleration without establishing whether the horse will handle sustained pressure. Equally, a defeat after an educational round may contain more encouragement than the finishing position suggests.
Where the race could change
Build a simple picture of the likely leaders. If several runners want to dictate, a horse’s ability to settle and jump behind others matters. If the pace looks uncertain, think about which contenders can adapt rather than assuming one running style will be favoured.
The finish still matters in a two-mile chase. Watch whether previous races ended with the horse galloping through the line or merely hanging on. A mistake late on can be especially expensive when a runner has already used most of its energy getting there.
Previous renewals
The 2027 runners
Declarations will settle the field.
The 2027 runners are not yet declared. A past winner or a horse quoted in an ante-post market is not a confirmed runner. Check entries, connections’ published plans and the final declarations before treating a horse as part of this field.
No live prices or confirmed 2027 runner list are presented in this guide. Reviewed 11 November 2026.
Your questions, answered
Is the Arkle a handicap?
No. It is a Grade 1 novice chase; use the published race conditions for the applicable weights and allowances.
Should I ignore a novice after one jumping mistake?
No. Look at the type of mistake, the pressure at the time and whether it forms part of a repeated pattern.
Sources & editorial notes
Reviewed 11 November 2026. Interpretation is Puntrr’s; factual results and conditions are linked below.